Organizations sometimes hire public relations agencies based on how much they charge, what they are willing to guarantee and, occasionally, who they claim to know at certain media outlets. And, in doing so, these organizations are likely making the poorest of investments and putting their reputations at risk.

Why? Because none of that matters.

Let’s talk about the money first. Like most professional services, pricing for public relations can run the gamut. And, like most any other service, you get what you pay for. You’re not paying someone to churn out rubber stamped stories glowingly in the wonder that is you. That’s not PR. Instead, you are hiring communications experts to build inroads with the media; to discern the stories and guidance your target audience(s) is seeking and to create a series of ongoing opportunities to have your voice heard and your message clearly understood. This is a long-term investment and should be considered as such. Anything less is often a waste of money. 

Additionally, there are some shops out there—I don’t call them PR agencies—that will guarantee placements. This should be a red flag for you because of the associated reputational risks. Shops that guarantee placements are doing one of the following:

• Pay-to-play placements. The shop is paying to use the space, dressing up advertising as earned media. This content has low SEO value, has a limited shelf life, is typically expensive and can dilute brand authority because it is usually labeled as advertising or sponsored content. This means there is no perception of a third-party endorsement, which is the whole point of getting your brand in the media through PR. 
• They’re tapping low-value outlets. Obscure blogs, television programs, syndicated content sites, magazines you’ve never heard of or low-traffic outlets that take just about anything all fit this category. Your exposure is nominal at best, and the credibility of these outlets is always in question by anyone who sees them.
• They have pre-arranged deals. Some shops pay freelance writers who work with certain outlets to pitch your story to their editors. In addition to being ethically questionable, thisoften violates the editorial policies of these outlets. When they learn their paid writer is getting paid by a third party to push a paid story, they often reject those stories and,sometimes, blacklist the pitched organization from future opportunities.

Then there is name dropping. Simply put, any public relations pro doing his or her job shouldknow the journalists covering the industries they represent. Finding names of journalists can be done by anyone or any AI, but that’s not the real value of a public relations firm. However, especially in an era when clicks determine both the value of the story as well as, in some cases, the financial benefits to the journalist, having a name by itself will only take you so far. You need to know the right journalists, along with how they think and where their story interests lie. Youalso, most importantly, need a strong story. And one that isn’t slavishly promotional. Lacking a good story of import to the journalist’s audience, all you have is their name and—frankly—thatis simply nowhere near enough.

What organizations must consider are the following:

• Experience. PR agencies should be able to demonstrate they know the space that is important to you by telling you the current trends reporters are covering, and showing you recent success in that space that either matches or is closely adjacent to that which the organization is seeking to achieve.
• Track record. Off the bat, learn what coverage they have landed for clients over time, and don’t be wowed by one recognizable media logo. Talk to their clients, past and present, and ask what they think about the agency and the work they have produced for them. Both current and former clients should be able to positively discuss the agency’s wins and what they liked about the relationship. If an agency cannot produce at least two former clients to speak on their behalf, run.
• Credibility. Is the agency, and its staff, established in your space? What do the journalists in the space think of them? Do they churn out press releases and rarely interact with journalists? How have they overcome challenges to getting coverage for clients? Do they understand your industry?
• Personnel. Agencies of all types, and PR agencies are not immune, have been known to pull a bait-and-switch. The prospective client meets with experienced, senior agency personnel. Once contracts are signed, it becomes a revolving door of junior staff, some with little or no experience. Ask who will work on your account, and insist on meeting those individuals and looking at their resumes or bios. Do they have the requisite experience to achieve your goals? Are they in-house or freelance? What specifically will they each be responsible for? This piece is often the most important in determining success.

In my 22 years of experience, boutique and specialized PR agencies often best serve clients in niche industries or markets. They have the experience, the insider language, the track record, credibility and the personnel to do the job well. Often, senior agency leadership will work directly on the accounts. This is rarely the case with big PR firms, and the smaller generalist agencies often cannot check all the boxes.

When in doubt, follow the specialty. Doing so is often the best investment to protect your most important asset: your reputation.